b9629c36f2
* Unified environment modifications in config files fixes #13357 This commit factors all the code that is involved in the validation (schema) and parsing of environment modifications from configuration files in a single place. The factored out code is then used for module files and compiler configuration. Attributes were separated by dashes in `compilers.yaml` files and by underscores in `modules.yaml` files. This PR unifies the syntax on attributes separated by underscores. Unit testing of environment modifications in compilers has been refactored and simplified.
556 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
556 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. Copyright 2013-2020 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
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Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
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SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
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.. _configuration:
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===================
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Configuration Files
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===================
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Spack has many configuration files. Here is a quick list of them, in
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case you want to skip directly to specific docs:
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* :ref:`compilers.yaml <compiler-config>`
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* :ref:`config.yaml <config-yaml>`
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* :ref:`mirrors.yaml <mirrors>`
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* :ref:`modules.yaml <modules>`
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* :ref:`packages.yaml <build-settings>`
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* :ref:`repos.yaml <repositories>`
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-----------
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YAML Format
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-----------
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Spack configuration files are written in YAML. We chose YAML because
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it's human readable, but also versatile in that it supports dictionaries,
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lists, and nested sections. For more details on the format, see `yaml.org
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<http://yaml.org>`_ and `libyaml <http://pyyaml.org/wiki/LibYAML>`_.
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Here is an example ``config.yaml`` file:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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config:
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install_tree: $spack/opt/spack
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module_roots:
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lmod: $spack/share/spack/lmod
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build_stage:
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- $tempdir/$user/spack-stage
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- ~/.spack/stage
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Each Spack configuration file is nested under a top-level section
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corresponding to its name. So, ``config.yaml`` starts with ``config:``,
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``mirrors.yaml`` starts with ``mirrors:``, etc.
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.. _configuration-scopes:
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--------------------
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Configuration Scopes
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--------------------
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Spack pulls configuration data from files in several directories. There
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are six configuration scopes. From lowest to highest:
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#. **defaults**: Stored in ``$(prefix)/etc/spack/defaults/``. These are
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the "factory" settings. Users should generally not modify the settings
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here, but should override them in other configuration scopes. The
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defaults here will change from version to version of Spack.
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#. **system**: Stored in ``/etc/spack/``. These are settings for this
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machine, or for all machines on which this file system is
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mounted. The site scope can be used for settings idiosyncratic to a
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particular machine, such as the locations of compilers or external
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packages. These settings are presumably controlled by someone with
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root access on the machine. They override the defaults scope.
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#. **site**: Stored in ``$(prefix)/etc/spack/``. Settings here affect
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only *this instance* of Spack, and they override the defaults and system
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scopes. The site scope can can be used for per-project settings (one
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Spack instance per project) or for site-wide settings on a multi-user
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machine (e.g., for a common Spack instance).
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#. **user**: Stored in the home directory: ``~/.spack/``. These settings
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affect all instances of Spack and take higher precedence than site,
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system, or defaults scopes.
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#. **custom**: Stored in a custom directory specified by ``--config-scope``.
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If multiple scopes are listed on the command line, they are ordered
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from lowest to highest precedence.
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#. **command line**: Build settings specified on the command line take
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precedence over all other scopes.
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Each configuration directory may contain several configuration files,
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such as ``config.yaml``, ``compilers.yaml``, or ``mirrors.yaml``. When
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configurations conflict, settings from higher-precedence scopes override
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lower-precedence settings.
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Commands that modify scopes (e.g., ``spack compilers``, ``spack repo``,
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etc.) take a ``--scope=<name>`` parameter that you can use to control
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which scope is modified. By default, they modify the highest-precedence
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scope.
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.. _custom-scopes:
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Custom scopes
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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In addition to the ``defaults``, ``system``, ``site``, and ``user``
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scopes, you may add configuration scopes directly on the command
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line with the ``--config-scope`` argument, or ``-C`` for short.
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For example, the following adds two configuration scopes, named
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``scopea`` and ``scopeb``, to a ``spack spec`` command:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ spack -C ~/myscopes/scopea -C ~/myscopes/scopeb spec ncurses
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Custom scopes come *after* the ``spack`` command and *before* the
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subcommand, and they specify a single path to a directory full of
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configuration files. You can add the same configuration files to that
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directory that you can add to any other scope (``config.yaml``,
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``packages.yaml``, etc.).
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If multiple scopes are provided:
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#. Each must be preceded with the ``--config-scope`` or ``-C`` flag.
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#. They must be ordered from lowest to highest precedence.
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"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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Example: scopes for release and development
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"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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Suppose that you need to support simultaneous building of release and
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development versions of ``mypackage``, where ``mypackage`` -> ``A`` -> ``B``.
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You could create The following files:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:caption: ~/myscopes/release/packages.yaml
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packages:
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mypackage:
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version: [1.7]
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A:
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version: [2.3]
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B:
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version: [0.8]
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:caption: ~/myscopes/develop/packages.yaml
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packages:
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mypackage:
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version: [develop]
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A:
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version: [develop]
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B:
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version: [develop]
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You can switch between ``release`` and ``develop`` configurations using
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configuration arguments. You would type ``spack -C ~/myscopes/release``
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when you want to build the designated release versions of ``mypackage``,
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``A``, and ``B``, and you would type ``spack -C ~/myscopes/develop`` when
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you want to build all of these packages at the ``develop`` version.
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"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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Example: swapping MPI providers
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"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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Suppose that you need to build two software packages, ``packagea`` and
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``packageb``. ``packagea`` is Python 2-based and ``packageb`` is Python
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3-based. ``packagea`` only builds with OpenMPI and ``packageb`` only builds
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with MPICH. You can create different configuration scopes for use with
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``packagea`` and ``packageb``:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:caption: ~/myscopes/packgea/packages.yaml
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packages:
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python:
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version: [2.7.11]
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all:
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providers:
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mpi: [openmpi]
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:caption: ~/myscopes/packageb/packages.yaml
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packages:
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python:
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version: [3.5.2]
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all:
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providers:
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mpi: [mpich]
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.. _platform-scopes:
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------------------------
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Platform-specific Scopes
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------------------------
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For each scope above, there can also be platform-specific settings.
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For example, on most platforms, GCC is the preferred compiler.
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However, on macOS (darwin), Clang often works for more packages,
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and is set as the default compiler. This configuration is set in
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``$(prefix)/etc/spack/defaults/darwin/packages.yaml``. It will take
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precedence over settings in the ``defaults`` scope, but can still be
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overridden by settings in ``system``, ``system/darwin``, ``site``,
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``site/darwin``, ``user``, ``user/darwin``, ``custom``, or
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``custom/darwin``. So, the full scope precedence is:
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#. ``defaults``
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#. ``defaults/<platform>``
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#. ``system``
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#. ``system/<platform>``
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#. ``site``
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#. ``site/<platform>``
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#. ``user``
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#. ``user/<platform>``
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#. ``custom``
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#. ``custom/<platform>``
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You can get the name to use for ``<platform>`` by running ``spack arch
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--platform``. The system config scope has a ``<platform>`` section for
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sites at which ``/etc`` is mounted on multiple heterogeneous machines.
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----------------
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Scope Precedence
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----------------
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When spack queries for configuration parameters, it searches in
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higher-precedence scopes first. So, settings in a higher-precedence file
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can override those with the same key in a lower-precedence one. For
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list-valued settings, Spack *prepends* higher-precedence settings to
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lower-precedence settings. Completely ignoring higher-level configuration
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options is supported with the ``::`` notation for keys (see
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:ref:`config-overrides` below).
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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Simple keys
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^^^^^^^^^^^
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Let's look at an example of overriding a single key in a Spack file. If
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your configurations look like this:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:caption: $(prefix)/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml
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config:
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install_tree: $spack/opt/spack
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module_roots:
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lmod: $spack/share/spack/lmod
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build_stage:
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- $tempdir/$user/spack-stage
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- ~/.spack/stage
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:caption: ~/.spack/config.yaml
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config:
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install_tree: /some/other/directory
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Spack will only override ``install_tree`` in the ``config`` section, and
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will take the site preferences for other settings. You can see the
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final, combined configuration with the ``spack config get <configtype>``
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command:
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.. code-block:: console
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:emphasize-lines: 3
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$ spack config get config
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config:
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install_tree: /some/other/directory
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module_roots:
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lmod: $spack/share/spack/lmod
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build_stage:
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- $tempdir/$user/spack-stage
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- ~/.spack/stage
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.. _config-overrides:
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Overriding entire sections
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Above, the user ``config.yaml`` only overrides specific settings in the
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default ``config.yaml``. Sometimes, it is useful to *completely*
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override lower-precedence settings. To do this, you can use *two* colons
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at the end of a key in a configuration file. For example:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:emphasize-lines: 1
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:caption: ~/.spack/config.yaml
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config::
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install_tree: /some/other/directory
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Spack will ignore all lower-precedence configuration under the
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``config::`` section:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ spack config get config
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config:
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install_tree: /some/other/directory
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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List-valued settings
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Let's revisit the ``config.yaml`` example one more time. The
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``build_stage`` setting's value is an ordered list of directories:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:caption: $(prefix)/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml
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build_stage:
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- $tempdir/$user/spack-stage
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- ~/.spack/stage
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Suppose the user configuration adds its *own* list of ``build_stage``
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paths:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:caption: ~/.spack/config.yaml
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build_stage:
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- /lustre-scratch/$user/spack
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- ~/mystage
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Spack will first look at the paths in the defaults ``config.yaml``, then the
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paths in the user's ``~/.spack/config.yaml``. The list in the
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higher-precedence scope is *prepended* to the defaults. ``spack config
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get config`` shows the result:
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.. code-block:: console
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:emphasize-lines: 7-10
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$ spack config get config
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config:
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install_tree: /some/other/directory
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module_roots:
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lmod: $spack/share/spack/lmod
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build_stage:
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- /lustre-scratch/$user/spack
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- ~/mystage
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- $tempdir/$user/spack-stage
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- ~/.spack/stage
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As in :ref:`config-overrides`, the higher-precedence scope can
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*completely* override the lower-precedence scope using ``::``. So if the
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user config looked like this:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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:emphasize-lines: 1
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:caption: ~/.spack/config.yaml
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build_stage::
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- /lustre-scratch/$user/spack
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- ~/mystage
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The merged configuration would look like this:
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.. code-block:: console
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:emphasize-lines: 7-8
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$ spack config get config
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config:
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install_tree: /some/other/directory
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module_roots:
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lmod: $spack/share/spack/lmod
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build_stage:
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- /lustre-scratch/$user/spack
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- ~/mystage
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.. _config-file-variables:
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---------------------
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Config File Variables
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---------------------
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Spack understands several variables which can be used in config file
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paths wherever they appear. There are three sets of these variables:
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Spack-specific variables, environment variables, and user path
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variables. Spack-specific variables and environment variables are both
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indicated by prefixing the variable name with ``$``. User path variables
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are indicated at the start of the path with ``~`` or ``~user``.
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Spack-specific variables
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Spack understands several special variables. These are:
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* ``$spack``: path to the prefix of this Spack installation
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* ``$tempdir``: default system temporary directory (as specified in
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Python's `tempfile.tempdir
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<https://docs.python.org/2/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.tempdir>`_
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variable.
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* ``$user``: name of the current user
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Note that, as with shell variables, you can write these as ``$varname``
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or with braces to distinguish the variable from surrounding characters:
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``${varname}``. Their names are also case insensitive, meaning that
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``$SPACK`` works just as well as ``$spack``. These special variables are
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substituted first, so any environment variables with the same name will
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not be used.
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Environment variables
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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After Spack-specific variables are evaluated, environment variables are
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expanded. These are formatted like Spack-specific variables, e.g.,
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``${varname}``. You can use this to insert environment variables in your
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Spack configuration.
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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User home directories
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Spack performs Unix-style tilde expansion on paths in configuration
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files. This means that tilde (``~``) will expand to the current user's
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home directory, and ``~user`` will expand to a specified user's home
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directory. The ``~`` must appear at the beginning of the path, or Spack
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will not expand it.
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.. _configuration_environment_variables:
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-------------------------
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Environment Modifications
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-------------------------
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Spack allows to prescribe custom environment modifications in a few places
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within its configuration files. Every time these modifications are allowed
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they are specified as a dictionary, like in the following example:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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environment:
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set:
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LICENSE_FILE: '/path/to/license'
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unset:
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- CPATH
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- LIBRARY_PATH
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append_path:
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PATH: '/new/bin/dir'
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The possible actions that are permitted are ``set``, ``unset``, ``append_path``,
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``prepend_path`` and finally ``remove_path``. They all require a dictionary
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of variable names mapped to the values used for the modification.
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The only exception is ``unset`` that requires just a list of variable names.
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No particular order is ensured on the execution of each of these modifications.
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----------------------------
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Seeing Spack's Configuration
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----------------------------
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With so many scopes overriding each other, it can sometimes be difficult
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to understand what Spack's final configuration looks like.
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Spack provides two useful ways to view the final "merged" version of any
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configuration file: ``spack config get`` and ``spack config blame``.
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.. _cmd-spack-config-get:
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``spack config get``
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``spack config get`` shows a fully merged configuration file, taking into
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account all scopes. For example, to see the fully merged
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``config.yaml``, you can type:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ spack config get config
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config:
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debug: false
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checksum: true
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verify_ssl: true
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dirty: false
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build_jobs: 8
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install_tree: $spack/opt/spack
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template_dirs:
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- $spack/templates
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directory_layout: {architecture}/{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}/{name}-{version}-{hash}
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module_roots:
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tcl: $spack/share/spack/modules
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lmod: $spack/share/spack/lmod
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build_stage:
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- $tempdir/$user/spack-stage
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- ~/.spack/stage
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- $spack/var/spack/stage
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source_cache: $spack/var/spack/cache
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misc_cache: ~/.spack/cache
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locks: true
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Likewise, this will show the fully merged ``packages.yaml``:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ spack config get packages
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You can use this in conjunction with the ``-C`` / ``--config-scope`` argument to
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see how your scope will affect Spack's configuration:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ spack -C /path/to/my/scope config get packages
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.. _cmd-spack-config-blame:
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``spack config blame``
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``spack config blame`` functions much like ``spack config get``, but it
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shows exactly which configuration file each preference came from. If you
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do not know why Spack is behaving a certain way, this can help you track
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down the problem:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ spack --insecure -C ./my-scope -C ./my-scope-2 config blame config
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==> Warning: You asked for --insecure. Will NOT check SSL certificates.
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--- config:
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_builtin debug: False
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:72 checksum: True
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command_line verify_ssl: False
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./my-scope-2/config.yaml:2 dirty: False
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_builtin build_jobs: 8
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./my-scope/config.yaml:2 install_tree: /path/to/some/tree
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:23 template_dirs:
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:24 - $spack/templates
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:28 directory_layout: {architecture}/{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}/{name}-{version}-{hash}
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:32 module_roots:
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:33 tcl: $spack/share/spack/modules
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:34 lmod: $spack/share/spack/lmod
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:49 build_stage:
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:50 - $tempdir/$user/spack-stage
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:51 - ~/.spack/stage
|
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:52 - $spack/var/spack/stage
|
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:57 source_cache: $spack/var/spack/cache
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:62 misc_cache: ~/.spack/cache
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/home/myuser/spack/etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml:86 locks: True
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|
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You can see above that the ``build_jobs`` and ``debug`` settings are
|
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built in and are not overridden by a configuration file. The
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``verify_ssl`` setting comes from the ``--insceure`` option on the
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command line. ``dirty`` and ``install_tree`` come from the custom
|
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scopes ``./my-scope`` and ``./my-scope-2``, and all other configuration
|
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options come from the default configuration files that ship with Spack.
|