Cap the maximum number of build jobs (#11373)

* config:build_jobs now controls the number of parallel jobs to spawn during
builds, but cannot ever exceed the number of cores on the machine.

* The default is set to 16 or the number of available cores, whatever
is lowest.

* Updated docs to reflect the changes done to limit parallel builds

etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml

@@ -99,10 +99,12 @@ config:
   locks: true
 
 
-  # The default number of jobs to use when running `make` in parallel.
-  # If set to 4, for example, `spack install` will run `make -j4`.
-  # If not set, all available cores are used by default.
-  # build_jobs: 4
+  # The maximum number of jobs to use when running `make` in parallel,
+  # always limited by the number of cores available. For instance:
+  # - If set to 16 on a 4 cores machine `spack install` will run `make -j4`
+  # - If set to 16 on a 18 cores machine `spack install` will run `make -j16`
+  # If not set, Spack will use all available cores up to 16.
+  # build_jobs: 16
 
 
   # If set to true, Spack will use ccache to cache C compiles.

lib/spack/docs/config_yaml.rst

@@ -178,16 +178,23 @@ set ``dirty`` to ``true`` to skip the cleaning step and make all builds
 "dirty" by default.  Be aware that this will reduce the reproducibility
 of builds.
 
+.. _build-jobs:
+
 --------------
 ``build_jobs``
 --------------
 
 Unless overridden in a package or on the command line, Spack builds all
-packages in parallel. For a build system that uses Makefiles, this means
-running ``make -j<build_jobs>``, where ``build_jobs`` is the number of
-threads to use.
+packages in parallel. The default parallelism is equal to the number of
+cores on your machine, up to 16. Parallelism cannot exceed the number of
+cores available on the host. For a build system that uses Makefiles, this
+means running:
+
+- ``make -j<build_jobs>``, when ``build_jobs`` is less than the number of
+  cores on the machine
+- ``make -j<ncores>``, when ``build_jobs`` is greater or equal to the
+  number of cores on the machine
 
-The default parallelism is equal to the number of cores on your machine.
 If you work on a shared login node or have a strict ulimit, it may be
 necessary to set the default to a lower value. By setting ``build_jobs``
 to 4, for example, commands like ``spack install`` will run ``make -j4``

lib/spack/docs/packaging_guide.rst

@@ -1713,12 +1713,11 @@ RPATHs in Spack are handled in one of three ways:
 Parallel builds
 ---------------
 
-By default, Spack will invoke ``make()`` with a ``-j <njobs>``
-argument, so that builds run in parallel.  It figures out how many
-jobs to run by determining how many cores are on the host machine.
-Specifically, it uses the number of CPUs reported by Python's
-`multiprocessing.cpu_count()
-<http://docs.python.org/library/multiprocessing.html#multiprocessing.cpu_count>`_.
+By default, Spack will invoke ``make()``, or any other similar tool,
+with a ``-j <njobs>`` argument, so that builds run in parallel.
+The parallelism is determined by the value of the ``build_jobs`` entry
+in ``config.yaml`` (see :ref:`here <build-jobs>` for more details on
+how this value is computed).
 
 If a package does not build properly in parallel, you can override
 this setting by adding ``parallel = False`` to your package.  For

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 
 import argparse
+import multiprocessing
 
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, jobs, option_string):
                   '[expected a positive integer, got "{1}"]'
             raise ValueError(msg.format(option_string, jobs))
 
+        jobs = min(jobs, multiprocessing.cpu_count())
         spack.config.set('config:build_jobs', jobs, scope='command_line')
 
         setattr(namespace, 'jobs', jobs)
@@ -94,7 +96,8 @@ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, jobs, option_string):
     def default(self):
         # This default is coded as a property so that look-up
         # of this value is done only on demand
-        return spack.config.get('config:build_jobs')
+        return min(spack.config.get('config:build_jobs'),
+                   multiprocessing.cpu_count())
 
     @default.setter
     def default(self, value):

lib/spack/spack/config.py

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
         'verify_ssl': True,
         'checksum': True,
         'dirty': False,
-        'build_jobs': multiprocessing.cpu_count(),
+        'build_jobs': min(16, multiprocessing.cpu_count()),
     }
 }
 

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -20,14 +20,38 @@ def parser():
     yield p
     # Cleanup the command line scope if it was set during tests
     if 'command_line' in spack.config.config.scopes:
-        spack.config.config.remove_scope('command_line')
+        spack.config.config.scopes['command_line'].clear()
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize('cli_args,expected', [
+@pytest.fixture(params=[1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32])
+def ncores(monkeypatch, request):
+    """Mocks having a machine with n cores for the purpose of
+    computing config:build_jobs.
+    """
+    def _cpu_count():
+        return request.param
+
+    # Patch multiprocessing.cpu_count() to return the value we need
+    monkeypatch.setattr(multiprocessing, 'cpu_count', _cpu_count)
+    # Patch the configuration parts that have been cached already
+    monkeypatch.setitem(spack.config.config_defaults['config'],
+                        'build_jobs', min(16, request.param))
+    monkeypatch.setitem(
+        spack.config.config.scopes, '_builtin',
+        spack.config.InternalConfigScope(
+            '_builtin', spack.config.config_defaults
+        ))
+    return request.param
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('cli_args,requested', [
     (['-j', '24'], 24),
-    ([], multiprocessing.cpu_count())
+    # Here we report the default if we have enough cores, as the cap
+    # on the available number of cores will be taken care of in the test
+    ([], 16)
 ])
-def test_setting_parallel_jobs(parser, cli_args, expected):
+def test_setting_parallel_jobs(parser, cli_args, ncores, requested):
+    expected = min(requested, ncores)
     namespace = parser.parse_args(cli_args)
     assert namespace.jobs == expected
     assert spack.config.get('config:build_jobs') == expected