Clean-up: diesel spray evaporation
This commit is contained in:
Hrvoje Jasak
parent
c056979017
commit
a79d34de50
8 changed files with 131 additions and 76 deletions
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@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Foam::unitInjector::unitInjector
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}
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// convert CA to real time
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forAll(massFlowRateProfile_, i)
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forAll (massFlowRateProfile_, i)
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{
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massFlowRateProfile_[i][0] =
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t.userTimeToTime(massFlowRateProfile_[i][0]);
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@ -104,14 +104,14 @@ Foam::unitInjector::unitInjector
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injectionPressureProfile_[i][0] = massFlowRateProfile_[i][0];
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}
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forAll(TProfile_, i)
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forAll (TProfile_, i)
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{
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TProfile_[i][0] = t.userTimeToTime(TProfile_[i][0]);
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}
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scalar integratedMFR = integrateTable(massFlowRateProfile_);
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forAll(massFlowRateProfile_, i)
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forAll (massFlowRateProfile_, i)
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{
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// correct the massFlowRateProfile to match the injected mass
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massFlowRateProfile_[i][1] *= mass_/integratedMFR;
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@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ Foam::unitInjector::unitInjector
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setTangentialVectors();
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// check molar fractions
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// Check molar fractions
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scalar Xsum = 0.0;
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forAll(X_, i)
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forAll (X_, i)
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{
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Xsum += X_[i];
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}
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@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Foam::unitInjector::unitInjector
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WarningIn("unitInjector::unitInjector(const time& t, Istream& is)")
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<< "X does not sum to 1.0, correcting molar fractions."
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<< nl << endl;
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forAll(X_, i)
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forAll (X_, i)
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{
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X_[i] /= Xsum;
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}
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@ -179,8 +179,14 @@ Foam::label Foam::unitInjector::nParcelsToInject
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const scalar time1
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) const
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{
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scalar mInj = mass_*(fractionOfInjection(time1)-fractionOfInjection(time0));
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scalar mInj = mass_*
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(
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fractionOfInjection(time1)
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- fractionOfInjection(time0)
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);
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label nParcels = label(mInj/averageParcelMass_ + 0.49);
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return nParcels;
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}
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@ -366,7 +372,7 @@ void Foam::unitInjector::correctProfiles
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scalar A = 0.25*mathematicalConstant::pi*pow(d_, 2.0);
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scalar pDummy = 1.0e+5;
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forAll(velocityProfile_, i)
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forAll (velocityProfile_, i)
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{
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scalar time = velocityProfile_[i][0];
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scalar rho = fuel.rho(pDummy, T(time), X_);
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@ -61,14 +61,27 @@ private:
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// Private data
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//- Injector properties dictionary
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dictionary propsDict_;
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//- Injector position
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vector position_;
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//- Injector direction
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vector direction_;
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//- Injector diameter
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scalar d_;
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//- Cd
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scalar Cd_;
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//- Parcel mass
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scalar mass_;
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//- Number of parcels
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label nParcels_;
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scalarField X_;
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List<pair> massFlowRateProfile_;
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List<pair> velocityProfile_;
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@ -145,7 +158,7 @@ public:
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const vector& axisOfWedgeNormal,
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Random& rndGen
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) const;
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//- Return the number of holes
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label nHoles() const;
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@ -200,7 +213,7 @@ public:
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{
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return injectionPressureProfile_;
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}
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scalar injectionPressure(const scalar time) const;
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List<pair> velocityProfile() const
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@ -126,12 +126,14 @@ bool Foam::parcel::move(spray& sDB)
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cpMixture += Yi[cell()]*sDB.gasProperties()[i].Cp(Tg);
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}
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// correct the gaseous temperature for evaporated fuel
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// Correct the gaseous temperature for evaporated fuel
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scalar cellV = sDB.mesh().V()[cell()];
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scalar cellMass = rhog*cellV;
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Tg += sDB.shs()[cell()]/(cpMixture*cellMass);
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Tg = max(200.0, Tg);
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// Changed cut-off temperature for evaporation. HJ, 27/Apr/2011
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Tg = max(273, Tg);
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scalar tauMomentum = GREAT;
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scalar tauHeatTransfer = GREAT;
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@ -212,7 +214,8 @@ bool Foam::parcel::move(spray& sDB)
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// track parcel to face, or end of trajectory
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if (keepParcel)
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{
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// Track and adjust the time step if the trajectory is not completed
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// Track and adjust the time step if the trajectory
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// is not completed
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dt *= trackToFace(position() + dt*U_, sDB);
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// Decrement the end-time acording to how much time the track took
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@ -231,6 +234,7 @@ bool Foam::parcel::move(spray& sDB)
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{
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scalar z = position() & sDB.axisOfSymmetry();
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vector r = position() - z*sDB.axisOfSymmetry();
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if (mag(r) > SMALL)
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{
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correctNormal(sDB.axisOfSymmetry());
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@ -299,7 +303,7 @@ bool Foam::parcel::move(spray& sDB)
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sDB.shs()[celli] += oTotMass*(oH + oPE) - m()*(nH + nPE + nKE);
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// Remove evaporated mass from stripped mass
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ms() -= ms()*(oTotMass-m())/oTotMass;
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ms() -= ms()*(oTotMass - m())/oTotMass;
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// Remove parcel if it is 'small'
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@ -350,7 +354,7 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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// calculate mean molecular weight
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scalar W = 0.0;
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for(label i=0; i<Ns; i++)
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for(label i = 0; i < Ns; i++)
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{
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W += sDB.composition().Y()[i][celli]/sDB.gasProperties()[i].W();
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@ -366,15 +370,15 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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// correct the gaseous temperature for evaporated fuel
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scalar cpMix = 0.0;
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for(label i=0; i<Ns; i++)
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for (label i = 0; i < Ns; i++)
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{
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cpMix += sDB.composition().Y()[i][celli]
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*sDB.gasProperties()[i].Cp(T());
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*sDB.gasProperties()[i].Cp(T());
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}
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scalar cellV = sDB.mesh().V()[celli];
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scalar rho = sDB.rho()[celli];
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scalar cellMass = rho*cellV;
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scalar dh = sDB.shs()[celli];
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scalar cellV = sDB.mesh().V()[celli];
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scalar rho = sDB.rho()[celli];
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scalar cellMass = rho*cellV;
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scalar dh = sDB.shs()[celli];
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scalarField addedMass(Nf, 0.0);
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forAll(addedMass, i)
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@ -383,7 +387,9 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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}
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scalar Tg = Tg0 + dh/(cpMix*cellMass);
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Tg = max(200.0, Tg);
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// Changed cut-off temperature for evaporation. HJ, 27/Apr/2011
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Tg = max(273.0, Tg);
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scalarField Yfg(Nf, 0.0);
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forAll(Yfg, i)
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@ -474,7 +480,7 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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// gaseous temperature, Tg, and mass fraction, Yfg,
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// to calculate the new properties for the parcel
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// This procedure seems to be more stable
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// FPK.
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// FPK.
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// Iterate the temperature until convergedT and parcel mass
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// is above minimumParcelMass
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@ -488,32 +494,37 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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n++;
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// new characteristic times does not need to be calculated
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// the first time
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if (n > 1)
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if (n > 1)
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{
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newDensity = fuels.rho(pg, Tnew, X());
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newMass = m();
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newhg = 0.0;
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scalarField Ynew(fuels.Y(X()));
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for(label i=0; i<Nf; i++)
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for(label i = 0; i < Nf; i++)
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{
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label j = sDB.liquidToGasIndex()[i];
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newhg += Ynew[i]*sDB.gasProperties()[j].Hs(Tnew);
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}
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newhv = fuels.hl(pg, Tnew, X());
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scalar dm = oldMass - newMass;
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scalar dhNew = oldMass*(oldhg-oldhv) - newMass*(newhg-newhv);
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scalar dhNew = oldMass*(oldhg - oldhv) - newMass*(newhg - newhv);
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// Prediction of new gaseous temperature and fuel mass fraction
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Tg = Tg0 + (dh+dhNew)/(cpMix*cellMass);
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Tg = max(200.0, Tg);
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Tg = Tg0 + (dh + dhNew)/(cpMix*cellMass);
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forAll(Yfg, i)
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// Changed cut-off temperature for evaporation. HJ, 27/Apr/2011
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Tg = max(273.0, Tg);
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forAll (Yfg, i)
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{
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label j = sDB.liquidToGasIndex()[i];
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const volScalarField& Yj = sDB.composition().Y()[j];
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scalar Yfg0 = Yj[celli];
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Yfg[i] =
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(Yfg0*cellMass + addedMass[i] + dm)/
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(addedMass[i] + cellMass + dm);
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@ -543,7 +554,7 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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scalar liquidcL = sDB.fuels().cp(pg, TDroplet, X());
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cpMix = 0.0;
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for(label i=0; i<Ns; i++)
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for (label i = 0; i < Ns; i++)
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{
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if (sDB.isLiquidFuel()[i])
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{
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@ -553,6 +564,7 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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else
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{
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scalar Y = sDB.composition().Y()[i][celli];
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cpMix += Y*sDB.gasProperties()[i].Cp(Taverage);
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}
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}
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@ -561,7 +573,7 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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scalar z = 0.0;
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scalar tauEvap = 0.0;
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for(label i=0; i<Nf; i++)
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for (label i =0 ; i < Nf; i++)
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{
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tauEvap += X()[i]*fuels.properties()[i].W()/tauEvaporation[i];
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}
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@ -571,8 +583,7 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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if (sDB.evaporation().evaporation())
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{
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scalar hv = fuels.hl(pg, TDroplet, X());
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evaporationSource =
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hv/liquidcL/tauEvap;
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evaporationSource = hv/liquidcL/tauEvap;
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z = cpMix*tauHeatTransfer/liquidcL/tauEvap;
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}
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@ -582,8 +593,7 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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scalar fCorrect =
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sDB.heatTransfer().fCorrection(z)/tauHeatTransfer;
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Tnew =
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(TDroplet + dt*(fCorrect * Tg - evaporationSource))
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Tnew = (TDroplet + dt*(fCorrect*Tg - evaporationSource))
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/(1.0 + dt*fCorrect);
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// Prevent droplet temperature to go above critial value
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@ -591,19 +601,23 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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// Prevent droplet temperature to go too low
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// Mainly a numerical stability issue
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Tnew = max(200.0, Tnew);
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// Changed cut-off temperature for evaporation. HJ, 27/Apr/2011
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Tnew = max(273.0, Tnew);
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scalar Td = Tnew;
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scalar pAtSurface = fuels.pv(pg, Td, X());
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scalar pCompare = 0.999*pg;
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scalar boiling = pAtSurface >= pCompare;
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if (boiling)
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{
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// can not go above boiling temperature
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scalar Terr = 1.0e-3;
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label n=0;
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label n = 0;
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scalar dT = 1.0;
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scalar pOld = pAtSurface;
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while (dT > Terr)
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{
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n++;
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@ -631,10 +645,12 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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}
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}
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}
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pOld = pAtSurface;
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if (debug)
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// if (debug)
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{
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if (n>100)
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if (n > 100)
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{
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Info << "n = " << n << ", T = " << Td << ", pv = " << pAtSurface << endl;
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}
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@ -648,7 +664,7 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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// if the droplet is NOT boiling use implicit scheme.
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if (sDB.evaporation().evaporation())
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{
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for(label i=0; i<Nf; i++)
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for (label i = 0; i < Nf; i++)
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{
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// Immediately evaporate mass that has reached
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// critical condition
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@ -678,6 +694,7 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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}
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scalar mTot = sum(mi);
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if (mTot > VSMALL)
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{
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scalarField Ynew(mi/mTot);
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@ -696,15 +713,10 @@ void Foam::parcel::updateParcelProperties
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// FPK changes: avoid temperature-out-of-range errors
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// in spray tracking. HJ, 13/Oct/2007
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scalar temprhod;
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const scalar relaxfac = sDB.sprayRelaxFactor();
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if (debug)
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{
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temprhod = fuels.rho(pg,T(),X());
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}
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convergedT = mag(Tnew-T()) < 0.1 || n > sDB.sprayIterate();
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convergedT = mag(Tnew - T()) < 0.1 || n > sDB.sprayIterate();
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// FPK version, 13/Oct/2007
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T() = T()*(1 - relaxfac) + Tnew*relaxfac;
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// NN version
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@ -180,7 +180,9 @@ void parcel::setRelaxationTimes
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for(label i=0; i<Nf; i++)
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{
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scalar Td = min(T(), 0.999*fuels.properties()[i].Tc());
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bool boiling = fuels.properties()[i].pv(pressure, Td) >= 0.999*pressure;
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bool boiling = fuels.properties()[i].pv(pressure, Td)
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>= 0.999*pressure;
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scalar Di = fuels.properties()[i].D(pressure, Td);
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scalar Schmidt = Sc(nuf, Di);
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@ -196,7 +198,8 @@ void parcel::setRelaxationTimes
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{
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if (!boiling)
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{
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// for saturation evaporation, only use 99.99% for numerical robustness
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// For saturation evaporation, only use 99.99% for
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// numerical robustness
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scalar dm = max(SMALL, 0.9999*msat[i] - mfg[i]);
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tauEvaporation[i] = sDB.evaporation().relaxationTime
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@ -185,7 +185,10 @@ Foam::spray::spray
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sprayIteration_(sprayProperties_.subDict("sprayIteration")),
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sprayIterate_(readLabel(sprayIteration_.lookup("sprayIterate"))),
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sprayRelaxFactor_(readScalar(sprayIteration_.lookup("sprayRelaxFactor"))),
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minimumParcelMass_(readScalar(sprayIteration_.lookup("minimumParcelMass"))),
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minimumParcelMass_
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(
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readScalar(sprayIteration_.lookup("minimumParcelMass"))
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),
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subCycles_(readLabel(sprayProperties_.lookup("subCycles"))),
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@ -119,11 +119,20 @@ class spray
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autoPtr<liquidMixture> fuels_;
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autoPtr<injectorModel> injectorModel_;
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// Iterations to avoid errors due to too small parcels causing temperature out of range
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// Iterations to avoid errors due to too small parcels
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// causing temperature out of range
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//- Spray iteration dictionary
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dictionary sprayIteration_;
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//- Number of spray iterations
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const label sprayIterate_;
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//- Spray relaxation factor
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const scalar sprayRelaxFactor_;
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//- Minimum parcel mass
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const scalar minimumParcelMass_;
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@ -62,15 +62,15 @@ standardEvaporationModel::standardEvaporationModel
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evaporationScheme_(evapDict_.lookup("evaporationScheme")),
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nEvapIter_(0)
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{
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if (evaporationScheme_ == "implicit")
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if (evaporationScheme_ == "implicit")
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{
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nEvapIter_ = 2;
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}
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else if (evaporationScheme_ == "explicit")
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else if (evaporationScheme_ == "explicit")
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{
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nEvapIter_ = 1;
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}
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else
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else
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{
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FatalError
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<< "evaporationScheme type " << evaporationScheme_
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@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ bool standardEvaporationModel::evaporation() const
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return true;
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}
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// Correlation for the Sherwood Number
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scalar standardEvaporationModel::Sh
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(
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@ -101,9 +102,11 @@ scalar standardEvaporationModel::Sh
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const scalar SchmidtNumber
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) const
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{
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return 2.0 + preReScFactor_*pow(ReynoldsNumber,ReExponent_)*pow(SchmidtNumber,ScExponent_);
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return 2.0 + preReScFactor_*pow(ReynoldsNumber,ReExponent_)*
|
||||
pow(SchmidtNumber,ScExponent_);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
scalar standardEvaporationModel::relaxationTime
|
||||
(
|
||||
const scalar diameter,
|
||||
|
|
@ -173,15 +176,15 @@ scalar standardEvaporationModel::boilingTime
|
|||
const scalar Nusselt,
|
||||
const scalar deltaTemp,
|
||||
const scalar diameter,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar
|
||||
) const
|
||||
{
|
||||
scalar time = GREAT;
|
||||
|
|
@ -194,7 +197,10 @@ scalar standardEvaporationModel::boilingTime
|
|||
|
||||
time = liquidDensity*cpFuel*sqr(diameter)/
|
||||
(
|
||||
6.0 * kappa * Nusselt * log(1.0 + cpFuel * deltaT/max(SMALL, heatOfVapour))
|
||||
6.0*kappa*Nusselt*log
|
||||
(
|
||||
1.0 + cpFuel * deltaT/max(SMALL, heatOfVapour)
|
||||
)
|
||||
);
|
||||
|
||||
time = max(VSMALL, time);
|
||||
|
|
@ -202,10 +208,13 @@ scalar standardEvaporationModel::boilingTime
|
|||
return time;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
inline label standardEvaporationModel::nEvapIter() const
|
||||
{
|
||||
return nEvapIter_;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
|
||||
|
||||
} // End namespace Foam
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace Foam
|
|||
{
|
||||
|
||||
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
|
||||
Class standardEvaporationModel Declaration
|
||||
Class standardEvaporationModel Declaration
|
||||
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
|
||||
|
||||
class standardEvaporationModel
|
||||
|
|
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ private:
|
|||
scalar preReScFactor_;
|
||||
scalar ReExponent_;
|
||||
scalar ScExponent_;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
word evaporationScheme_;
|
||||
label nEvapIter_;
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -119,15 +119,15 @@ public:
|
|||
const scalar Nusselt,
|
||||
const scalar deltaTemp,
|
||||
const scalar diameter,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar,
|
||||
const scalar
|
||||
) const;
|
||||
|
||||
inline label nEvapIter() const;
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Reference in a new issue